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domingo, 18 de enero de 2015

READING: Summer Rain

The worst days of any summer are the rainy ones. We spend all year looking forward to nice weather and long, hot days. All of winter, with its dreary gray days and bitter cold, we dream of those endless days at the beach, laying on the sand and soaking in the bright and burning sun. And then, summer comes, and it rains.



As a child, I would wake up to rainy summer days and come close to crying. It wasn’t fair. We suffered through months of school and miserable weather for those scant ten weeks of freedom and balmy weather. Any day that I could not spend at the beach or playing ball with my friends seemed like a punishment for something I didn’t even do.

On those rainy summer days, I had nothing fun to do and could only sit inside, staring out at the rain like a Dickensian orphan. I was an only child, so there was no one else to play with. My father worked from home, so I was not truly alone, but he could not actively play with me since he was technically at work. It was those days that I would resign myself to whatever was on television or any books that I could find lying around. I’d crawl through the day and pray each night that the rain would not be there the next day.

As an adult, though, my opinion of summer rain has changed. When you have to work every day, summer is not as eagerly anticipated. Mostly, the days run together, bleeding into each other so that they no longer seem like separate entities and instead feel like continuations of the same long day. Everything seems monotonous and dull, and an ennui or listlessness kicks in. Such a mindset makes you cheer for anything new or different. I spend the winter dreaming of summer and the summer dreaming of winter. When summer comes, I complain about how hot it is. And then I look forward to the rain, because the rain brings with it a cold front, which offers a reprieve—admittedly one that is all too short—from the torture of 100° and humid days. Rainy days are still the worst days of the summer, but summer rain today means positively beautiful—and considerably cooler—weather tomorrow.




ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION

1. The author of this passage describes his or her feelings about rainy summer days. In general, how do you feel about such days? Do you agree with the author’s opinions, or do you not mind this type of weather? Briefly explain your views below.

2. In paragraph 4, the author describes why he or she no longer looks forward to summertime the way he or she used to do as a child. What do you think of this change? Do you believe that you will come to feel this way one day? Why or why not?

3. The author writes in paragraph 4 that he or she “spend[s] the winter dreaming of summer and the summer dreaming of winter.” On the other hand, many people would say that they have specific favorite seasons or times of year. How do you feel? Do you have a favorite season, or do you always look forward to whatever is to come? Why?


READING: The Incredible Machine

Everyone has a favorite attraction at an amusement park, and I am no different. However, unlike most people who seem to prefer rollercoasters, my favorite ride is a little more gentle. Every time I go to Coney Island, Navy Pier, or the Santa Monica Pier, I absolutely have to ride the Ferris wheel.

The Ferris wheel is simple and yet also quite complex. That is, riding it is easy, but how it works is complicated. A series of carts are attached to a wheel, which is attached to a rim. That rim rotates vertically around an axis, and gravity keeps the carts upright. As simple as the ride seems, only advanced engineers can make safe and fun Ferris wheels.




What It Lacks in Thrills…

While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a rollercoaster, it is still very exciting. The fact of being high in the air makes it so much more entertaining than a lot of rides. I mean, how often do you hang from that high up in daily life?

Nevertheless, I have to admit, I don’t seek Ferris wheels out because of their excitement. Rather, I find them very relaxing. At the top of the Ferris wheel, you get beautiful sights of the park. You also get a sense of calm that you don’t get in the hustle and bustle of the park below.

Additionally, Ferris wheels are also gorgeous to look at when they are lit up at night. In fact, the original Ferris wheel was designed as much to be seen as to be ridden.

It Happened at the World’s Fair

The first Ferris wheel was made by and named after George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr. He designed it for the Chicago World’s Fair in 1893. It was the tallest attraction there, standing 264 feet high. However, visitors to the fair were impressed by the size of the ride as well as the mechanics of it. In 1893, anything that was not turned by hand was considered a sight to see. And the wheel, which was a machine, was truly incredible to see. Further, as one visitor put it, the wheel was amazing because it seemed to be missing support. That is, it did not look like it could stand on its own. And yet it did and even rotated!

They Keep Reaching Higher and Higher

Ferris wheel technology has only improved since then. Most of today’s Ferris wheels are much larger than that first one. The largest in the world is the "Singapore Flyer," which stands slightly taller than twice what Ferris’s did!

Today, the Ferris wheel is the most common amusement park ride. But that does not mean you should take them for granted. Instead, be thankful for Ferris’ invention. The next time you’re at an amusement park, don’t just look up at the impressive wheel in the sky on your way to a newer attraction. Take it for a spin!




ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

1. In paragraph 2, the narrator says, "As simple as the ride seems, only advanced engineers can make safe and fun Ferris wheels." Can you think of any other machines that seem simple but actually are not? List at least two and explain why they are not actually simple.

2. In paragraph 3, the narrator says, " While the Ferris wheel is not as thrilling as a rollercoaster, it is still very exciting ." Can you think of any other machines that are not "thrilling" but still "exciting"?

3. In the final section of the passage, we learn how Ferris wheels "keep reaching higher and higher." This seems to be a common trend among the developers of modern technology. What makes us want to continually strive to create something bigger and better? Is this good? Discuss.

READING: The Battle of Chancellorsville

The Battle of Chancellorsville, one of the most famous battles of the Civil War, took place in Virginia in the spring of 1863. For months, the two armies had been staked out on opposite banks of a narrow river. The Confederate troops were led by perhaps the most revered military tactician in American history, General Robert E. Lee. The Union soldiers were led by "Fighting" Joe Hooker.

In appearance, personality, and lifestyle, these men were nearly perfect opposites. Lee, an older man in poor health with a gray beard, had a somber, measured demeanor. Hooker was a blond, strapping young man whose vanity over his appearance was but one aspect of his egotism. Whereas Lee was devout and principled, Hooker was known for his rollicking enjoyment of both women and whiskey.



Despite the fact that the Confederacy had won the last four major battles and the Union soldiers were famished, exhausted, and demoralized, Hooker proclaimed, "My plans are perfect. And when I start to carry them out, may God have mercy on Bobby Lee, for I shall have none." Why, aside from a propensity for narcissism, was Hooker so confident?

Hooker had used spies, analysts, and even hot air balloons to compile a vast amount of intelligence about Lee’s army. He had discerned, for example, that Lee had only 61,000 men to Hooker’s own 134,000. Buoyed by his superior numbers, Hooker covertly moved 70,000 of his men fifteen miles up and across the river, and then ordered them to sneak back down to position themselves behind Lee’s army. In effect, Hooker had cut off the Confederate soldiers in front and behind. They were trapped. Satisfied with his advantage, Hooker became convinced that Lee’s only option was to retreat to Richmond, thus assuring a Union victory.

Yet Lee, despite his disadvantages of both numbers and position, did not retreat. Instead, he moved his troops into position to attack. Union soldiers who tried to warn Hooker that Lee was on the offensive were dismissed as cowards. Having become convinced that Lee had no choice but to retreat, Hooker began to ignore reality. When Lee’s army attacked the Union soldiers at 5:00 p.m., they were eating supper, completely unprepared for battle. They abandoned their rifles and fled as Lee’s troops came shrieking out of the brush, bayonets drawn. Against all odds, Lee won the Battle of Chancellorsville, and Hooker’s forces withdrew in defeat.




ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS


1. Based on the information in the passage, summarize the events of the Battle of Chancellorsville in your own words.

2. If you had been Hooker, what would you have done differently during the battle of Chancellorsville? Would you have made the same decisions? Why or why not?

3. What do you think happened to Hooker after his defeat at Chancellorsville? Make your inferences below, explaining why you believe this to likely be the case..


sábado, 17 de enero de 2015

Here we go again ! This time: PRONUNCIATION


HEY GUYS !    WHAT'S UP ?


Today in this section I give you a fascinating video to encourage you to improve your pronunciation in English. Since the other days we were dealing with listening exercises, now we are going to focus on the other part of the listening, the pronunciation, which is quite, quite important for you and it will help you with the different pronunciations that you are going to find in listenings. 

So please watch this whole video and try to follow this fabulous teacher called Adam and his clear explanation about how native speakers pronounce each of those words in everyday English, and perhaps you can become a native speaker too ! 

 It's very, very interesting and I really hope you like it !!




jueves, 15 de enero de 2015

VOCABULARY: SLANG



SLANG

Hello to everyone again! Today, you`ll learn all those colloquial words and expressions that you can find everywhere except in a dictionary. This section will be helpful for you to understand native English speakers.
Slang is the colloquial language you hear on the street among natives speakers. So in this section you´ll find slang vocabulary and phrases to help you survive in the street of London or New York for example.

1. Zonked =>  Sobado, frito
  2. Zip it => cállate la boca
  3.Zapper =>  mando de la tele
4.Yummy => delicioso/a
5. Yob => gamberro
6.Windbag => un plasta, un pesado
7. Wicked => buenísimo
8. Whopper => trola
9.Wheels => coche
10.Wet blanket => aguafiestas
11. Weepy => llorón
12.Wasted => borrachísimo
13.Waffle => decir bobadas, chorradas
14.Veggie => vegetarian/a
15. Up the duff => embarazada
16. Tosser => pringa
17.  Shitole => pocilga
18.Skin => papel de fumar
19. Skint => pelado, tieso
20. Stingy => tacaño, agarrado
It is an overview but there are a great amount of them. Good luck!!

 

READING: Susie and Rover

"Mamma," said Susie Dean one summer's morning,"may I go to the woods and pick berries?"
"Yes," replied Mrs. Dean,"but you must take Rover with you."Susie brought her little basket, and her mother packed a nice lunch for her.She tied down the cover and fastened a tin cup to it.The little girl called Rover a great Newfoundland dog and gave him a tin pail to carry. "If I bring it home full,mamma," she said, "won't you make some berry cakes for tea?" 
Away she tripped, singing as she went down the lane and across the pasture.When she got to the woods, she put her lunch basket down beside a tree and began to pick berries. Rover ran about, chasing a squirrel or a rabbit now and then, but never straying far from Susie. 
The tin pail was not a very small one. By the time it was two thirds full, Susie began to feel hungry and thought she would eat her lunch. Rover came and took his place at her side as soon as she began to eat. Did she give him some of the lunch? No, she was in a selfish mood and did no such thing.
 
"There, Rover, run away! There's a good dog," she said,but Rover stayed near her,watching her steadily with his clear brown eyes.The meat he wanted so much was soon eaten up,and all he got of the nice lunch was a small crust of gingerbread that Susie threw away. 
After lunch,Susie played for a while by the brook. She threw sticks into the water, and Rover swam in and brought them back.Then she began to pick berries again.She did not enjoy the afternoon as she did the morning. The sunshine was as bright, the berries were as sweet and plentiful, and she was neither tired nor hungry.But good, faithful Rover was hungry, and she had not given him even one piece of meat. She tried to forget how selfish she had been,but she could not do so, and quite early she started for home. 
When she was nearly out of the woods, a rustling in the underbrush attracted her attention. "I wonder if that is a bird or a squirrel,"she said to herself. "If I can catch it, how glad I will be!" She tried to make her way quietly through the underbrush, but she was terrified when she saw a large snake coiled up before her prepared for a spring! She was frightened so much that she could not move,but brave Rover saw the snake, and, springing forward, seized it by the neck and killed it. When the faithful dog came and rubbed his head against her hand, Susie put her arms around his neck, and burst into tears. "O Rover," she cried, "you dear, good dog! How sorry I am that I was so selfish!" 
Rover understood the tone of her voice, if he did not understand her words, and capered about in great glee, barking all the time. You may be sure that he had a plentiful supper that evening. Susie never forgot the lesson of that day.She soon learned to be on her guard against a selfish spirit and became a happier and more lovable little girl.
 
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1.What does Rover do to show that he is “faithful?”
2.What does it mean that Rover capered at the end?
3.Why do you think Susie has trouble enjoying the afternoon after she eats lunch?
4.What do you think would happen next in the story if it kept going?